The analysis reveals latent and manifest social, political, and ecological contradictions, prompting a discussion within the Finnish forest-based bioeconomy. Considering the empirical observations from the BPM in Aanekoski and the analytical framework used, the Finnish forest-based bioeconomy perpetuates extractivist patterns and tendencies.

Dynamic shape changes in cells allow them to resist the hostile environmental conditions imposed by large mechanical forces, including pressure gradients and shear stresses. Within Schlemm's canal, the aqueous humor's outflow generates hydrodynamic pressure gradients that act upon the endothelial cells lining the interior vessel wall. These cells produce dynamic outpouchings, giant vacuoles filled with fluid, from their basal membrane. Extracellular cytoplasmic protrusions, cellular blebs, are evocative of the inverses of giant vacuoles, their formation a result of the local and temporary impairment of the contractile actomyosin cortex. Experimental observations of inverse blebbing initially occurred during the process of sprouting angiogenesis, yet the fundamental physical mechanisms driving this phenomenon remain elusive. Giant vacuole development is theorized to be an inversion of blebbing, and a biophysical model is presented to elucidate this mechanism. Our model explains how cell membrane mechanical properties dictate the shape and movement of massive vacuoles, anticipating a process similar to Ostwald ripening in the context of multiple invaginating vacuoles. Our conclusions on vacuole formation during perfusion correlate qualitatively with reported observations. Our model provides insights into the biophysical mechanisms driving inverse blebbing and giant vacuole dynamics, while simultaneously identifying general characteristics of the cellular response to applied pressure, relevant in diverse experimental situations.

Particulate organic carbon, sinking through the marine water column, is instrumental in regulating global climate by sequestering atmospheric carbon. Heterotrophic bacteria's pioneering colonization of marine particles marks the commencement of the recycling process, transforming this carbon into inorganic constituents and determining the extent of vertical carbon transport to the abyssal depths. Through millifluidic experiments, we demonstrate that, although bacterial motility is vital for particle colonization from a nutrient-releasing particle in the water column, chemotaxis becomes more beneficial for negotiating the boundary layer at intermediate and high settling velocities within the constrained window of opportunity offered by a passing particle. We simulate the interaction and attachment of individual bacteria with fractured marine particulates, utilizing a model to systematically investigate the role of varied parameters within their motility patterns. Furthermore, this model enables us to examine the relationship between particle microstructure and bacterial colonization efficiency, considering diverse motility characteristics. Chemotactic and motile bacteria are further enabled to colonize the porous microstructure, while streamlines intersecting particle surfaces fundamentally alter how nonmotile cells interact with them.

Cell counting and analysis within heterogeneous populations are significantly facilitated by flow cytometry, an indispensable tool in both biology and medicine. To determine multiple attributes of every cell, fluorescent probes are typically employed, selectively binding to target molecules situated within the cell's interior or on its surface. Nevertheless, flow cytometry is hampered by the critical impediment of the color barrier. The capacity for simultaneous resolution of chemical traits is frequently restricted to a small number because of spectral overlap in fluorescence signals from various fluorescent probes. This work showcases a color-adjustable flow cytometry method, utilizing coherent Raman flow cytometry and Raman tags to transcend the color constraint. This capability arises from the synergistic combination of a broadband Fourier-transform coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (FT-CARS) flow cytometer, resonance-enhanced cyanine-based Raman tags, and Raman-active dots (Rdots). In our synthesis, we created 20 cyanine-structured Raman tags, displaying linearly independent Raman spectra specifically within the fingerprint region, encompassing the 400 to 1600 cm-1 range. We developed highly sensitive Rdots using polymer nanoparticles that housed 12 distinct Raman tags. The resultant detection limit was 12 nM, achieved with a short 420-second FT-CARS signal integration. Multiplex flow cytometry was employed to stain MCF-7 breast cancer cells with 12 different Rdots, resulting in a remarkably high classification accuracy of 98%. In addition, a large-scale, longitudinal study of endocytosis was undertaken utilizing a multiplex Raman flow cytometer. Our method theoretically permits flow cytometry of live cells, using more than 140 colors, by employing a single excitation laser and a single detector, all without increasing the size, cost, or complexity of the instrument.

Apoptosis-Inducing Factor (AIF), a moonlighting flavoenzyme, plays a role in the assembly of mitochondrial respiratory complexes in healthy cells, but it also displays the ability to provoke DNA fragmentation and instigate parthanatos. AIF, in reaction to apoptotic stimulation, translocates from the mitochondria to the nucleus, where it, along with proteins like endonuclease CypA and histone H2AX, is posited to form a complex responsible for DNA degradation. This investigation provides evidence for the molecular configuration of this complex, including the cooperative effects of its protein constituents in the fragmentation of genomic DNA into large fragments. Our findings indicate that AIF possesses nuclease activity that is catalyzed by the presence of either magnesium or calcium ions. Through this activity, AIF, and CypA in tandem, or individually, can effectively degrade genomic DNA. AIF's nuclease ability is determined by TopIB and DEK motifs, as we have discovered. AIF, for the first time, has been identified by these new findings as a nuclease capable of degrading nuclear double-stranded DNA in dying cells, improving our grasp of its role in promoting apoptosis and suggesting possibilities for the development of new treatments.

In the realm of biology, the enigmatic process of regeneration has ignited the imagination of those seeking self-repairing systems, robots, and biobots. Cells communicate through a collective computational process to achieve an anatomical set point, thereby restoring the original function of the regenerated tissue or the entire organism. Despite the considerable investment in research spanning several decades, the mechanisms controlling this process continue to be poorly understood. The current algorithms are insufficiently powerful to transcend this knowledge blockade, consequently retarding progress in regenerative medicine, synthetic biology, and the design of living machines/biobots. A comprehensive conceptual framework for regenerative processes, including hypothesized stem cell mechanisms and algorithms, is proposed to explain how organisms like planarian flatworms achieve full anatomical and bioelectric homeostasis after any substantial or minor damage. With novel hypotheses, the framework elevates regenerative knowledge, presenting intelligent self-repairing machines. These machines use multi-level feedback neural control systems, managed by the interplay of somatic and stem cells. We computationally implemented the framework to illustrate the robust recovery of both form and function (anatomical and bioelectric homeostasis) in a simulated worm, which simply resembles the planarian. The framework, lacking a complete understanding of regeneration, contributes to elucidating and formulating hypotheses on stem-cell-mediated anatomical and functional revitalization, potentially accelerating advancements in regenerative medicine and synthetic biology. In the light of our bio-inspired and bio-computational self-repair machine framework, its potential utility in constructing self-repairing robots and artificial self-repairing systems deserves further consideration.

Across many generations, the building of ancient road systems exemplified temporal path dependence, a feature not completely accounted for by existing network formation models employed in archaeological analysis. An evolutionary model for the sequential development of road networks is described. A fundamental element is the successive incorporation of connections, following a prioritized cost-benefit analysis compared to pre-existing connections. This model's topology, arising swiftly from initial choices, presents a feature enabling the identification of practical, possible sequences for road construction projects. LY2606368 cell line Based on the observed phenomenon, a procedure to condense the path-dependent optimization search area is devised. We apply this technique to showcase how the model's assumptions on ancient decision-making enable the meticulous reconstruction of Roman road networks, despite the paucity of archaeological data. Crucially, we discover missing sections of Sardinia's extensive ancient road system, strongly corroborating expert predictions.

De novo plant organ regeneration is characterized by auxin-induced callus formation, a pluripotent cell mass, which undergoes shoot regeneration following cytokinin induction. LY2606368 cell line Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms driving transdifferentiation are presently obscure. Our findings indicate that the loss of HDA19, a histone deacetylase gene, results in the suppression of shoot regeneration. LY2606368 cell line Treatment with an HDAC inhibitor confirmed the gene's crucial role in enabling shoot regeneration. We also identified target genes that demonstrated regulated expression through HDA19-mediated histone deacetylation in the context of shoot initiation, and found that ENHANCER OF SHOOT REGENERATION 1 and CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON 2 contribute significantly to shoot apical meristem formation. Hda19 demonstrated hyperacetylation and a substantial rise in the expression levels of histones localized at the loci of these genes. Impaired shoot regeneration was observed upon transient overexpression of ESR1 or CUC2, a characteristic feature also seen in the hda19 mutant.